Head and Neck Support and Restraint System

ABSTRACT

A head and neck support and restraint system including protective headwear worn by a user; an article worn about the shoulders, chest and back of the user; and a dynamic connector that is disposed between and attached to the protective headwear and the worn article that dampens and distributes forces to which the head and neck are subjected during use. Such forces can include forces experienced as a result of acceleration, deceleration, or impact during a collision between the user and another person or object. The dynamic connector also supports and limits the rate and range of motion permitted between the head and neck relative to the shoulders, chest and back of a user when the head or body of the user is subjected to such forces.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/115281, filed Feb. 12, 2015.

TECHNICAL FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a system and apparatus useful for supporting and protecting the head (including without limitation the face, skull and brain) and neck of a user by damping and distributing forces to which they would otherwise be subjected during sudden acceleration, deceleration or impact. Such forces can arise, for example, during a collision between the user and an animate or inanimate object, no matter whether accidental or intentional.

2. Description of Related Art

In recent years much attention has been drawn to the causes and effects of head, neck and brain injuries due to concussive forces experienced by persons engaged in activities such as, for example and without limitation: football; baseball; soccer; hockey; lacrosse; boxing; bull riding; skiing; snowboarding; skateboarding; sky-diving; base jumping; bicycling; motorcycling; riding all-terrain vehicles; car or boat racing; piloting aircraft; performing military, law-enforcement or fire-fighting operations or maneuvers; other vehicular maneuvers, fire-fighting, and the like. Historically, efforts to lessen the risk or likelihood of serious physiological injury when engaging in such activities have focused on providing a helmet or other headwear comprising one or more of an outer shell or cover in combination with cushioning pads, collapsible layers, or other impact-absorbing structures or materials intended to protect the head of the user from impact or injury.

Despite the improvements to headwear that have been made in recent years, such devices or apparatus are still typically configured in such manner that the neck is required to support the weight of both the head and the protective headwear, sometimes supplemented by neck cushions or collars disposed or worn between the head and shoulders of the user. Because the weight of the prior art protective headwear is supported primarily by the neck of the user, designers are further constrained in the design of headwear by the need to make the headwear relatively lightweight or risk further physiological damage or injury due to the combined weight of the head and headwear. Also, conventional protective headwear typically does not limit either the rate or range of motion of the head or neck relative to other parts of the body when subjected to acceleration, deceleration or impact.

A system and apparatus are needed that will support the head and neck, and supplement the protective features of conventional headwear by dampening and dissipating forces otherwise applied to the head and neck during a collision or impact; by distributing the dissipated forces to the shoulders, chest and back of a user without passing through and risking injury to the neck and cervical vertebrae; and by limiting the rate and range of motion permitted to the head and neck relative to the shoulders, chest and back of a user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The subject system and apparatus are useful for avoiding or limiting physiological and neurological damage or injury when the user engages in or performs activities that are vocational, avocational or recreational without regard to whether such collisions are intentional or accidental in nature. The subject system and apparatus will support head and neck of a user and desirably permit rotational, tilting and stretching movement of the head and neck of a during normal or routine performance of the movements needed for engaging in a particular activity. However, when the head and neck of the user are subjected to an extraordinary impact or forces that may cause physiological injury to the user, the subject system and apparatus will desirably limit the rate and ranges of rotation, tilt, and compression or elongation of the head and neck relative to the chest, back and shoulders of a user when the head or body of the user.

The system and apparatus of the invention will desirably respond in real time as the impact or other forces are inflicted upon the user, thereby arresting movement of the head and neck within predetermined allowable limits and also damping the forces and distributing the damped forces throughout the body before physiological damage occurs. When the forces are distributed or dissipated, the system and apparatus return to the original configuration, allowing routine movement as required for performance of the activity for which they are designed.

In one embodiment of the invention, a head and neck support and restraint system is disclosed that comprises protective headwear worn by a user of the system; an article worn about the shoulders, chest and back of the user (the “worn article”); and a dynamic connector disposed between and attached to the protective headwear and the worn article that supports the head and neck and dampens and distributes forces to which the head and neck of the user are subjected during use. Such forces can include forces experienced as a result of acceleration, deceleration, or impact during a collision between the user and another person or object during use. The dynamic connector will also desirably limit the rate and range of motion permitted between the head and neck relative to the shoulders, chest and back of a user when the head or body of the user is subjected to such forces.

In one embodiment, the subject apparatus includes a dynamic connector that desirably comprises a first end attachable to protective headwear of a user; a second end attachable to an article worn about the shoulders, chest and back of a user; and at least one rotation damper, at least one tilt damper and at least one elongation and compression damper disposed between the first and second end. In one embodiment of the invention, an elongate shaft also desirably extends between the first and second ends and passes through the at least one rotation damper, the at least one tilt damper, and the at least one elongation and compression damper. In another embodiment of the invention, the elongate shaft has a first portion that is flexible and a second portion that is relatively inflexible. The flexible portion desirably passes through the at least one rotation damper and the at least one tilt damper, and the relatively inflexible portion passes through the elongation-compression damper. One end of the flexible shaft is desirably coupled to an adjacent end of the inflexible shaft so that elongation or compression forces applied to the dynamic connector can be transmitted through the flexible and inflexible shafts to the elongation-compression damper of the dynamic connector.

The flexible shaft desirably comprises a cross-section that embodies one or more keys adapted for insertion into cooperatively aligned bores of the damping devices, some portions of which can have cooperatively configured keyways to facilitate rotational engagement at least between the flexible shaft and those portions of the rotational damper through which rotational forces imparted to the dynamic connector are communicated to facilitate damping and provide constraints as to the rate and range of permitted motion as discussed in greater detail below. The flexible shaft can be made by conventional means from any durable material, which can include for example a polymeric material that is generally suitable for such purposes, with a coefficient of elasticity, coefficient of elongation, flex modulus, glass transition temperature, impact resistance and service life that are consistent with the intended use and use environment.

If desired, at least one removable release mechanism such as a release pin is optionally provided for use in quickly and selectively detaching the subject apparatus from either or both of the protective headwear and the article worn by the user. If desired, a removable locking key is optionally provided that is engageable with the dynamic connector for use in selectively locking all major components of the apparatus into a fixed position relative to each other if, for example, it becomes desirable during an emergency situation to immobilize the head relative to the body of the wearer.

In one embodiment of the invention, a rotation damper is disclosed for use in the dynamic connector that further comprises a variable-response fluid damping valve in which two opposed internal paddles move through cooperatively configured fluid chambers containing a viscous fluid, displacing fluid from one chamber to another through at least one fluid passageway disposed in fluid communication with the two chambers. As used in relation to this embodiment of the invention, “variable response” refers to the resistance applied to flow of the viscous fluid inside the rotation damper by reason of the restricted cross-sectional area of the fluid passageway and the viscosity and incompressibility of the fluid.

In one embodiment of the invention, a variable response tilt damper is disclosed that desirably comprises at least one, and preferably a plurality of circumferentially spaced, interconnected flexible pouches disposed between two opposed discs, with each pouch containing a quantity of viscous fluid. When a portion of one disc is pressed closer to the other by flexure of a flexible shaft passing through the tilt damper, the viscous fluid disposed in the flexible pouch adjacent the area in which the closer movement occurs desirably offers increasing resistance to the tilt that is dependent upon factors such as the elasticity of the pouch material and the volume of fluid inside the pouch relative to the internal volume of the pouch. The ability of an individual pouch to distend into another area between the opposed discs is desirably limited by a support frame that defines boundary limits within which each pouch is confined during use of the apparatus. As used in relation to this embodiment of the invention, “variable response” refers to progressively greater resistance to tilting of one disc relative to the other due to the confinement and incompressible nature of the viscous fluid.

In one embodiment of the invention, an elongation and compression damper is disclosed that comprises a variable-response, double-acting piston and cylinder in which a piston reciprocates to force a viscous fluid back and forth between two cylinder chambers disposed on opposite sides of the piston through at least one fluid passageway in the piston that is in fluid communication with each of the two oppositely disposed chambers. The maximum elongation or compression of the dynamic connector is limited to the stroke length of the piston. The piston shaft is desirably inflexible and is coupled to an end of a flexible shaft portion that passes through at least one of a rotation damper and a tilt damper of the dynamic connector. As used in relation to this embodiment of the invention, “variable response” refers to the resistance applied to flow of the viscous fluid inside the elongation and compression damper by reason of the restricted cross-sectional area of the at least one fluid passageway through the piston and the viscosity and incompressibility of the viscous fluid disposed inside the two oppositely disposed cylinder chambers.

A satisfactory viscous fluid for use in at least some embodiments of the invention is a medium weight oily fluid that does not degrade or have any significant detrimental reaction with the materials from which the internal components of the rotation damper, tilt damper and elongation-compression damper of the apparatus of the invention are made.

In one embodiment of the invention, the dynamic connector disposed between and attached to the protective headwear and the worn article transmits the dampened forces originally received from the protective headwear through the point of attachment to the worn article, which then distributes those forces throughout the worn article in a method consistent with its physical configuration and the materials from which is it constructed to the shoulders, chest and back (collectively, “trunk,” or “body” when differentiated from the head and neck) of the user, and through the skeleton and musculature of the user to the legs, feet and underlying support surface upon which the user is standing or resting. Depending upon the activity in which the user is engaged, the worn article may take on various physical configurations such as, for example, shoulder pads, a vest, pack, pack frame, reinforced jacket, or the like. The addition of a belt disposed around the waist can also distribute some forces directly to the pelvis and hips of the user, further lessening forces to be absorbed by the spine during use. In one embodiment of the invention, a force indicator is also included in the subject head and neck restraint system to alert users or medical personnel if the design limits of the system were exceeded by the concussive force to which the user was subjected.

Satisfactory devices for use in attaching the dynamic connector to protective headwear or to a worn article can include any known device or assembly capable of withstanding the forces expected to be encountered during use of the invention. Similarly, although satisfactory embodiments of the system and apparatus of the invention are disclosed here, other embodiments of the invention utilizing other similarly effective means for achieving the functional objectives disclosed here will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who have read this disclosure in view of the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the subject invention is not limited to the particular mechanical design disclosed in the accompanying detailed description of one embodiment.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become better understood from a consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and appended claims in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The system and apparatus of the invention are further described and explained in relation to the following drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a simplified rear elevation view of one embodiment of the system of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged rear elevation view of the dynamic connector of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the dynamic connector of FIG. 3 with the top cover removed;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view, partially broken away, taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a plurality of tilt dampers of the invention as viewed along line 6-6 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7 is a simplified cross-sectional elevation view of a plurality of tilt dampers installed on a flexible shaft as viewed along line 7-7 of FIG. 6 but not showing the internal configuration of tilt dampers 46;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevation view of the lower portion of the dynamic connector of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as viewed along line 8-8 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional elevation view of an assembled rotation damper;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the cap of the rotation damper of FIG. 9 as taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 11 is a bottom plan view of the cap portion of the rotation damper of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the base of the rotation damper of FIG. 9 as viewed along line 12-12 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 13 is a plan view of the base of the rotation damper of FIG. 9;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional elevation view of an assembled tilt damper as viewed along line 14-14 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 15 is a bottom plan view of the cap of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the base of FIG. 14 as viewed along line 17-17 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the base of FIG. 14;

FIG. 19 is a simplified cross-sectional elevation view of the pouch ring of the tilt damper of FIG. 14 taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 20; and

FIG. 20 is a plan view of the pouch ring of the tilt damper of FIG. 14.

The drawings are not to scale and the relative proportionality and scale of like-numbered elements sometimes varies in different Figures of the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1-2, a representative satisfactory embodiment of the subject head and neck support and restraint system 10 of the invention comprises football helmet 22 and shoulder pads 24 that can be releasably interconnected by dynamic connector 20. It should be understood, however, that football helmet 22 and shoulder pads 24 are merely illustrative of the many other types and varieties of protective headwear and articles such as vests, jackets, harnesses (collectively, “body wraps”) that can be worn by a user and that can be assembled using a dynamic connector 20 to configure a satisfactory embodiment of the head and neck support and restraint system 10 of the invention. Such protective headwear and body wraps can be constructed using a wide variety of polymeric, metallic materials and fabric materials known by those of ordinary skill in the art to be suitable for use in such applications.

Of particular interest in relation to the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the top end of dynamic connector 20 plugs into a socket 12 (best seen in FIG. 2) that is molded or otherwise provided in the back of helmet 22 to facilitate releasable attachment of the two. Also, it will be observed upon reading this disclosure that bracket 26 is provided for the releasable attachment of dynamic connector 20 to shoulder pads 24. Although conventional football shoulder pads rest on the shoulders of the user, they are “worn” by the user in the sense that they are often laced in front around the upper chest of the user, and thereby also constitute a “body wrap” that constricts around the back and trunk portion of the body of the user. Many conventional attachment systems and devices are available that can be readily used or modified for use with particular headwear and body wraps.

Desirably, head and neck support and restraint system 10 of the invention can be designed, fabricated and tailored to a particular activity and user demographic so that it will not be burdensome to wear when a user is participating in normal, routine performance of an activity where there is some risk of being subjected occasionally to a concussive force but where the user is more often interested in being able to move relatively freely and without undue constriction. For activities involving higher risk of physiological injury due to concussive forces, the subject invention will understandably be configured to be more durable and may provide somewhat greater limitations to a user's ability to move naturally while wearing the apparatus. Because the weight of helmet 22 is primarily supported by dynamic connector 20, the combined weight of the head and helmet are not supported by the neck as with conventional protective headwear, and helmet 22 does not contribute to the dynamic load transmitted to and through the neck either during normal use or when helmet 22 is subjected to a concussive force.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, dynamic connector 20 is desirably attached to helmet 22 and shoulder pads 24 by a spring-loaded, quick-release connector pin 14 (FIG. 2) and connector bracket 26 (FIG. 1), respectively. Referring to FIG. 3, dynamic connector 20 desirably further comprises at least one, and preferably two or more rotation dampers 40. In the embodiment shown, rotation dampers 40 are spaced apart near the upper and lower ends of dynamic connector 20, with a plurality of tilt dampers 46 disposed between them. Flexible shaft 42 extends through the coaxially aligned rotation dampers 40 and tilt dampers 46 to facilitate tilting movement of helmet 22 in relation to the longitudinal axis through the center of elongation-compression damper 50.

As used in this disclosure in relation to the presently described embodiment of the invention, “tilt” and “tilting” should be understood to include movement of the head and neck of the user in any direction away from a longitudinal axis through the center of the coaxially aligned elements of elongation-compression damper 50 of dynamic connector 20. When dynamic connector 20 is vertically disposed as shown in FIG. 2, “tilt” or “tilting” refers to movement of helmet 22 in a direction that tips or leans forward, backward, left, right, or in any other intermediate direction from the longitudinal axis through elongation-compression damper 50 (FIG. 3). When dynamic connector 20 is horizontally disposed, as might occur for example when the upper body of a football player is parallel to the ground, “tilt” or “tilting” is still movement of helmet 20 in any direction away from the longitudinal axis through elongation-compression damper 50. “Tilting” is distinguished from “rotation” of helmet 22 relative to shoulder pads 24 in that “rotation” refers to movement of helmet 22 around the longitudinal axis.

Elongation-compression damper 50 of dynamic connector 20 controls and limits the rate and range of response when dynamic connector 20 is subjected to elongation or compression due to concussive forces imparted to helmet 22. Elongation-compression damper 50 is useful in damping concussive forces that are imparted to helmet 20 from any direction having a component force vector along the longitudinal axis through the device. A significant advantage of the present invention is that the rotation dampers 40, tilt dampers 46, and elongation-compression damper 50 of dynamic connector 20 are configured so as to limit both the rate and range of travel of helmet 22 relative to shoulder pads 24 when subjected to a high intensity concussive force. The structure and operation of one embodiment of each of rotation dampers 40, tilt dampers 46 and elongation-compression damper 50 are further described and explained in relation to FIGS. 6-20 below.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5, helmet mount fixture 30 is desirably configured to slidably engage and be releasably attachable to helmet 22. Base 38 of helmet mount fixture 30 is seated at the top of upper rotating damper 40 and contains a longitudinal bore through which flexible shaft 37 is insertable, passing downwardly sequentially through upper rotating damper 40, a plurality of tilt dampers 46, lower rotating damper 40, and impact force indicator disc 45 (FIG. 3). Although impact force indicator disc 45 is depicted here as being disposed between the lowest tilt damper 46 and the lower of two rotation dampers 40, it can similarly be positioned anywhere along the stem of dynamic connector 20 for use in the invention. Impact force indicator disc 45 can be made satisfactorily using metallic or polymeric materials appropriate to the intended use, or a combination thereof, and desirably includes one or more sensors that sense and transmit real-time impact data wirelessly to a receiver and recorder.

Flexible shaft 37 is desirably constructed of a durable, extrudable polymeric material that will flex but not fracture when subjected to the range of torsional, flexural, tensile and compression loadings likely to be encountered during use. Flexible shaft 37 desirably has a non-circular cross-section that is engageable with an inwardly facing collar inside each rotation damper 46 as flexible shaft 37 is inserted through the aligned longitudinal bores of the constituent elements of dynamic connector 20. A cylindrical packing 42 or functionally equivalent sealant layer is desirably provided where flexible shaft 37 passes through fluid-containing rotating dampers 40 and tilt dampers 46. The upper end of flexible shaft 37 is desirably connected to helmet mounting fixture 30 by one or more pins 32, 34, 39, with one or both of pins 32, 34 also being available for use in attaching helmet mounting fixture 30 to helmet 22. If desired, a locking key can also be provided to enable medical personnel to secure and immobilize helmet 22 and the head and neck of a user in an optimal position to allow transport of the user without movement of the head and neck relative to the shoulders following a concussion or other injury. Such a locking key is desirably insertable through a longitudinally extending keyway that can be internal to and coaxially aligned with, or offset from, flexible shaft 37.

Referring to the embodiment of the present invention that is shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, elongation-compression damper 50 is disposed at the base of dynamic connector 20. An elongation-compression damper 50 that is satisfactory for use in the invention comprises a mounting disk and coupling 68 near the uppermost end that attaches the lower end of flexible shaft 37 to the upper end of piston rod 48. Piston rod 48 is in turn coupled in fixed relation to piston 56, which further comprises at least one fluid passageway 58. Piston 56 is desirably a double-acting piston disposed inside cylinder 60, which also contains a predetermined volume of an oily or oil-like fluid 64 that does not completely fill the voids inside cylinder 60 and fluid passageway(s) 58. Fluid seal 56 is desirably disposed above cylinder 62, and is maintained by keeper rings 52, 54.

Elongation-compression damper 50 is configured to damp forces imparted to dynamic connector 20 that have component forces acting in the longitudinal direction that act either to elongate or compress the connector. In the absence of the invention, a significant portion of an impact received on the crown of an item of protective headwear is transmitted through the cervical vertebrae to the spine. One purpose and intended function of dynamic connector 20 and, more particularly, of elongation-compression damper 50 is to take that load away from the neck and reduce the magnitude of the force before distributing it to the body through a worn article to which the lower end of dynamic connector 20 is attached. The force is dissipated by using a significant portion of the energy applied through piston rod 48 to drive double-acting piston 56 inside cylinder 60 while simultaneously displacing fluid 64, preferably a medium viscosity oil, through one or more fluid passageways 58 in piston 56 to the other side of cylinder 60. The maximum range of travel of piston rod 48 is determined by the overall length of cylinder 60 less the thickness of piston 56.

Referring to FIGS. 9-13, each rotation damper 40 preferably further comprises cap 70 and base 72, each of which has a circular shape, with the outside diameter of cap 70 being slightly greater than the outside diameter of base 72 to facilitated fluid-tight slip-fit engagement between them. In the depicted embodiment, cap 70 comprises annular recess 78 into which annular rim 80 can slide into engagement when assembled as shown in FIG. 9. Both cap 70 and base 72 also have centrally disposed longitudinal bores 74, 76, with the bore of cap 70 being smaller than that through base 72. As seen in FIG. 11, bore 74 of cap 70 is configured in size and shape to receive flexible shaft 37 (FIG. 3) into slidable engagement with it, while bore 76 of base 72 is large enough to permit shaft 37 to spin inside it when cap 70 and base 72 are assembled as shown in FIG. 9. The rotation of cap 70 in either rotational direction relative to base 72 is indicated by arrow 90 of FIG. 11. FIGS. 10 and 11 further comprise diametrically opposed blades or paddles 82, 84 that sweep through cooperatively configured interior chambers 86, 88 of base 72 when cap 70 and base 72 are assembled as depicted in FIG. 9. When in use, rotation damper 40 will desirably contain an oily or oil-like fluid (not shown) that is disposed in chambers 86, 88 of base 72. It will also be appreciated that fluid seals (not shown) are desirably provided to prevent or control fluid leakage between cap 70 and base 72, and around the bores 74, 76. Referring to FIGS. 9-13, when rotation damper 40 is subjected to rotational loading by the engagement of flexible shaft 37 (FIG. 3) with bore 74 as helmet 22 is rotated left or right relative to shoulder pads 24 (FIG. 3), paddles 84, 84 force fluid disposed in chambers 86, 88 of base 72, forcing fluid through fluid passageways 92, 94, 96, 98 as seen in FIGS. 12 and 13.

In each instance where dynamic loading of dynamic connector 20 produces relative motion that causes fluid inside rotation damper 40 or elongation-compression damper 50 to be pushed through fluid passageways, it will be appreciated that the magnitude of damping will vary according to factors such as, for example, the number, cross-sectional area and surface configuration of the associated fluid passageways, the molecular weight, viscosity and lubricity of the fluid used, and the rate of movement of the paddle 82, 84 or piston 56 that is displacing the fluid. It will also be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure that those factors can be adjusted as needed in accordance with load factors likely to be encountered for a targeted activity, use environment and user demographic.

Referring to FIGS. 14-20, each of a plurality of tilt dampers 46 as disclosed in relation to this embodiment of the invention further comprises cap 100, base 102 that are cooperatively configured to be assembled into slip-fit engagement with each other, with a ring 104 of interconnected, impact-absorbing pouches 105 disposed between them. Sufficient diametric clearance is desirably provided between cap 100 and base 102 of each tilt damper 46 that each cap 100 can tilt slightly in relation to the cooperatively engaged base 102 to permit some compression of a pouch 105 disposed between them in that portion of the circumference in which the tilting pressure is applied by flexure of flexible shaft 37 (FIG. 3) relative to a centrally disposed longitudinal axis through elongation-compression damper 50 (FIG. 3). Referring to FIG. 15, cap 100 further comprises annular rim 108 that cooperates with a plurality of evenly spaced, radially extending ribs (or spokes) 115 to define the upper portion of a plurality of recesses 114. Transverse openings 110 are desirably provided in each rib 115 to provide clearance for connectors 128 between adjacent pouches 105 of pouch ring 104 (FIGS. 14 and 19-20). Referring to FIGS. 17-18, base 102 further comprises an annular rim cooperatively configured to fit inside rim 108 of cap 100 (FIG. 14). Base 102 further comprises a plurality of evenly spaced, radially extending ribs 118 that define recesses 116 that cooperate with recesses 114 of cap 100 to receive pouches 105 of pouch ring 104 when assembled as depicted in FIG. 14. Centrally disposed axial bores 112 through cap 100, 106 through base 102 and aperture 130 through pouch ring 104 are all desirably cooperatively aligned and are sized and configured to allow flexible shaft 37 (FIG. 3) to pass through them. An oily or oil-like fluid 109 is desirably confined inside pouch ring 104 to provide cushioning and resistance to a force applied downwardly through dynamic connector 20 or by flexure of shaft 37 relative to shoulder pads 24 (FIG. 3).

Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate upon reading this specification and the description of preferred embodiments herein that modifications and alterations to the apparatus and methods may be made within the scope of the invention and it is intended that the scope of the invention disclosed herein be limited only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims to which the inventor is legally entitled. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A head and neck support and restraint system for supporting and protecting the head, neck and body of a user from a force applied from an external source that causes the head and neck of the user to move relative to the body, the system comprising: a first article of protective headwear; a second article worn about the body; and a dynamic connector attachable to the first article and to the second article and comprising a rotation damper, a tilt damper, an elongation-compression damper, and an elongate shaft that passes through the rotation damper, the tilt damper, and the elongation-compression damper, wherein the dynamic connector damps the force and distributes the damped force throughout the body to reduce the likelihood of physiological damage to the user.
 22. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the elongate shaft a first portion that is flexible and a second portion that is relatively inflexible.
 23. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 22 wherein the flexible first portion of the elongate shaft passes through the rotation damper and the tilt damper.
 24. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 22 wherein the relatively inflexible portion of the elongate shaft passes through the elongation-compression damper.
 25. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 22 wherein the flexible first portion of the elongate shaft has one end that is couple to an adjacent end of the relatively inflexible second portion of the elongate shaft.
 26. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the elongate shaft desirably comprises a cross-section that embodies one or more keys adapted for insertion into cooperatively aligned bores disposed in the rotation damper and in the tilt damper.
 27. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 26 wherein some portions of the rotation damper comprise cooperatively configured keyways to facilitate engagement between the rotation damper and the elongate shaft through which rotational forces imparted to the dynamic connector are communicated through the elongate shaft to the rotation damper.
 28. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the elongate shaft comprises a polymeric material.
 29. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the dynamic connector limits the rate and range of movement of the head and neck relative to the body within predetermined allowable limits.
 30. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the force is produced by acceleration, deceleration or impact.
 31. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 further comprising at least one release mechanism configured for use in selectively detaching the dynamic connector from the first article.
 32. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 further comprising at least one release mechanism configured for use in selectively detaching the dynamic connector from the second article.
 33. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 further comprising at least one removable locking key that is engageable with the dynamic connector for use in selectively locking system components into a fixed position relative to each other to immobilize the head and neck relative to the body of the user during an emergency situation.
 34. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the first article is a helmet.
 35. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 wherein the second article is selected from the group consisting of a vest, pack, pack frame, reinforced jacket and shoulder pads.
 36. The head and neck support and restrain system of claim 21 wherein the second article comprises a belt disposed around the waist to distribute part of the force to the pelvis and hips of the user.
 37. The head and neck support and restraint system of claim 21 further comprising a force indicator. 